Italian Lessons-I Piccoli Italiani-Part 1

Italian Lessons for Beginners

I Piccoli Italiani
(The Little Italians)
(Part 1)

This page is for anyone who would like to begin to learn the basics of the Italian language. These lessons will very simple, hence the name baby Italian. We will pick up the basics, as we would have as a if we were babies in the family. The disadvantage is that we really have no "master" or parents to listen to imitate, nor do we have them to make corrections. The goal would be to become familiar with some basic Italian words, phrases and expressions, that we could carry out some limited communication. The secondary goal would be to give us enough background to allow us to tackle a real live Italian course some day.

Italian Pronunciation Guide

The Italian alphabet is fairly similar to English. The letters K, J, W, X, Y occur only in foreign origin words.

a, e, i, o, u

The Italian vowels have only one sound, regardless of what letters they precede or follow, or accent marks on the vowel, with the (minor) exception of e and o.
a--- The a is always pronounced as in the English word car.
e --- The e has the sound of the e in bed. Actually there are two sounds of e
è or 'e---an OPEN one, indicated with the grave accent :
é or e'---a CLOSED one, indicated with the acute accent :
Note however that such accents are NOT normally written (unless they are required for tonic reasons), and appear only in dictionaries. Moreover, dictionaries report an "ideal" Tuscan pronunciation which is subject to ample regional variations. For instance the words perché (why) and stélla (star) are usually pronounced in the North as perchè and stèlla.
In general a mispronunciation at this level won't be noticed, or if it is noticed (for instance méla (apple) is pronounced everywhere like that, and if you pronounce mèla it will sound funny) you will be understood.

There are words in which a difference in accent causes a different meaning, as in pèsca (peach) and pésca (fishing), but in the North pronounce both words as the first one and are understood everywhere.
A note on accents: dictionaries indicate the tonic accent, i.e. put an accent on the vowel in the stressed syllable in the word (this is in the vast majority of cases the last but one, so called "plain" or "flat" words).

This accent is not used and not required in normal writing. In normal writing the accent is required ONLY if the word ENDS with an accented vowel (i.e. the last syllable is accented, so called "truncated" words), e.g. perché. In handwriting do not bother to use the acute or the grave accent, just put any little sign over the vowel.

On typewriters with Italian keyboards there are accented keys. On computer keyboards we usually prefer to use ASCII keyboards without accented keys, and just use an apostrophe instead of the accent, e.g. perche' : it is simpler and more portable.
i---The Italian i is the same as the English long e or ee as in see.
o---The o is always pronounced as the o in the word cold or dog. Here
too actually there are two sounds of o :
ò or 'o---an OPEN one, indicated with the grave accent(similar to dog)

ó or o'--- a CLOSED one, indicated with the acute accent :(similar to
cold) The same comments made above for the letter e hold.
u--- The Italian u has the sound of the English oo as in too or the
English ue as in blue.
c, ci, ch
The Italian c has 2 possible sounds. It can sound like the ch in chip, or like the k in kite. Unlike English, there are very strict rules about when the Italian c sounds like a ch or a k.

If the c precedes (comes before) an e or an i, the c will have a ch sound. For example, undici. If the group ci precedes an a, o or u, it is also pronounced as ch and the i is mute : ciao sounds as English chao.

If the c precedes any other letter (a, o, u, or a consonant, although the
latter is very rare), then it will have a k sound, as in comodo.

If the group ch precedes an i, or an e, it is pronounced as k : chi sounds as English kee. The word cucina has both types of c in it - the first c makes the k sound, and the second c makes the ch sound.
g, gi, gh

The Italian g has 2 possible sounds. It can sound like the g in got, or like the j or dg in judge. The rules are similar to the ones described above for c.

Thus getto is pronounced as English jet-toh, and gioia as English joy-ah. While gotto and ghetto are pronounced as English got-toh and get-toh.
gli---The gli (followed or not by another vowel) in Italian is pronounced more or less as il in Spanish; However there are words like glicine (flower name), negligente, anglicano in which, for etymological reasons, g and l are pronounced as two separate sounds as in English.
Thus, the Italian word coniglio (rabbit) is pronounced like conihlyo. and the word conigli (rabbits) is pronounced like conihli.
gn---The gn is the same sound as Spanish ñ i.e. is the same sound as the ny pair in the word canyon. Thus, signore is pronounced like sin-yore.
h---The Italian h is always silent and as such an Italian speaker won't pronounce it when it occurs in foreign origin words (e.g. hotel).

Moreover the letter h in Italian occurs only in the groups ch and gh and in the present tense of the verb "to have". Thus, ho ([I] have) is pronounced o and hanno ( [they] have) is pronounced anno, the same as the word anno (year).

jy---In Italian j and y are not used, and when they occur (in foreign or arcaic words), they are pronounced as an Italian i.
r--- As opposed to the English r, which is formed in the back of the
mouth with the back of the tongue, the Italian r is formed using the tip
of the tongue on the upper palate, behind the front teeth, more like the
English d.
rr---and all other double consonants. All times a double consonant is written, it is actually pronounced twice. It takes practice to do it well.
s---The Italian s may have two pronunciations. One of them is like English z or s: rosa is pronounced similarly to English rose with a terminal ah.

The other one is like English s e.g. in set : sette is pronounced like set-teh.

There are no definite rules on two pronunciations (although some dictionaries report the "correct" one), and there are regional variations in the pronunciation of the same word. In general you will be understood, even if your pronunciation may sound strange. As a rule of thumb, s followed by vowel in the second or further syllable of a word, has the z sound (e.g. rosa, casa), while s followed by vowel or consonant (usually t or p) at the beginning of a word is an s sound : sette, stare.
w---In Italian w is not used, and when it occurs (in foreign words), a native Italian would pronounce it as a v.
v---Sounds exactly like in English.
z---The Italian z is pronounced much harder than an English, like sound ts, or tz, like in word tzar. There are actually two variant of the z sound in Italian, which are marked in dictionaries, but are subject to regional variations and make little difference for the everyday speaker.
Let the Lessons Begin!

Lezione #1 La Famiglia

(Leh-see-OH-neh uno lah fah-MEE-l'yah, Lesson #1 The Family)

Madre (MAH-dreh, Mother)

Padre (PAH-dreh, Father)

Nonna (NOH-nah, Grandmother)

Nonno (NOH-noh, Grandfather)

Sorella (so-REHL-la Sister)

Fratello (frah-TELL-oh, Brother)

Figlia (FEE-l'yah, Daughter)

Figlio (FEE-l'yoh, Son)

Zia (ZEE-ah, Aunt)

Zio (ZEE-oh, Uncle)

Cugina (coo-JEE-nah, female cousin)

Cugino (coo-JEE-noh, male cousin)

Bisavola or Bisnonna (bee-sah-VOH-lah e bees-NOO-nah Great Grandmother)

Bisavolo or Bisnonno (ee-sah-VOH-loh e bees-NOO-noh, Great Grandfather)

Nome (NO-meh, name)

Età (eht-TAY, age)

Conversazione semplice

(coh-vehr-say-see-OH-neh sehm-PLAY-chee, Simple conversation).

Use this simple question and combine it with various words from this and other lessons and then answer the question.

1. (domande) Qual e' il nome della madre?

(Kwahl EH eel NO-meh DEL-lah MAH-dreh?, What is your mothers' name?)

(risposte) Il nome della madre e' ____________

(eel NO-meh DEL-lah MAH-dreh EH__________,

The name of mother is______________(you fill in the blank with your mothers name.)

Now practice this by asking the name of all of your relatives above and answering with the correct names. Practice this for five days before moving to the next lesson.

Lezione#2 essere gentile

(Leh-see-OH-neh DO-eh es-SEE-reh Jen-TALH-leh, being polite)

vocaboli nuovi

(voo-cah-BOH-lee noo-OH-vee, new words)

ciao (chow, can be both hello and goodbye in a familiar sense)

salve (Sahl-veh, formal hello)

addio (ah-DEE-oh, formal goodbye)

arrivederci (ah-ree-vah-DEHR-chee, still another goodbye)

Signora (seen-YOH-rah, Mrs. or madame)

Signore (seen-YOH-reh Mr. or sir)

Signorina (seen-yoh-REE-nah, Miss)

una signora (a lady)

un signore (a gentleman)

una signorina (a young lady)

per favore (pehr fah-VOH-reh, please)

grazie (GRAHT-see, thank you)

prego (PREH-goh, you're welcome)

scusa (SCOO-sah, excuse me)

Bene (BEN-neh, well)

Buon giorno (bohn JORH-noh, good morning)

Buona sera (BOH-nah SEH-rah good evening)

Buona notte (BOH-nah NOHT-teh, good night)

NOTE: Both "sera" and "notte" are feminine words, so the adjective has to be feminine too.

Conversazione semplice:

1. (domande) Come stai?

(COH-meh sty, How are you?)

(risposte) Sto bene, grazie.

(Sto BEN-neh GRAHT-see, I am well, thank you.)

NOTATE: (noh-TAH-teh, please note) Concerns about use of "familiar" address vs. "polite" address. (This has to do with the ending of verbs.) Be careful how you use them. Americans are very informal but the Italians would probably take offense if addressed in an improper manner. You can talk to close friends or family in the "familiar" but not strangers or business people. So to say "Come stai?" is the "familiar" usage. "Come sta?" which is the 'polite' usage.

2. (domande) Chi e'?

(Kee EH, Who is it?)

(risposte) E mia cugina Rosa.

(E MEE-ah coo-GEE-nah ROE-sah, It is my cousin Rose)

3. (domande) Chi e' questo signore?

(Kee EH KWES-toh seen-YOH-reh, Who is this gentleman?)

(risposte) E' mio padre ___________

(EH ME-oh PAH-dreh, It is my father ____________)

Use the above to ask questions similar questions about others such as mother, father, brother, aunt from lesson 1 and to mix greetings and answers.

NOTATE: When you are talking about relatives in the singular, you don't need to include "il" or "la" before "mio" or "mia". But in all other cases with objects you do. Examples:

Mio padre --- my father, but Il mio libro -- my book

Mio nonno -- my grandfather, but i miei nonni -- my grandparents

Lezione#3 Dov' 'e?

(Doh-VEH, Where is it?)

NOTATE: We are introducing the concept of gender. Italian words are either masculine or feminine. Most femine words end in "a"; most masculine words end in "o". The gender of words that end in "e" (which can be either) must be memorized. "La" is the femine singular article; "il" is one of the masculine singular articles. We have indicated the genders of the words.

vocaboli nuovi

l'automobile (lah ah-toh-moh-BEE-leh, the car) Fem

la carta (lah CAR-tah, the paper) Fem

la casa (lah CAH-sah, the house) Fem

la chiave (lah k'YAH-veh, the key) Fem

la chiesa (lah k'YEH-sah the church) Fem

la banca (la BAHN-kah, the bank) Fem

il dottore (ell doht-TOH-rey, the doctor) Mas

il denaro (ell dee-NAH-roh, the money) Mas

la farmacia (lah fahr-mah-CEE-ah, the drugstore) Fem

il gabinetto (ell gah-bee-NEHT-toh, the toilet)

il libro (ell LEE-broh, the book) Mas

il museo (ell moo-CEE-oh, the museum) Mas

la penna (lah PEHN-nah, the pen) Fem

la porta (la POR-tah, the door) Fem

il quadro (ell KWAHD-roh, the picture) Mas

la sedia (lah SEDH-yah, the chair) Fem

la stanza (lah STAHN-sah, the room) Fem

la tavola (lah tah-VOH-lah, the table) Fem

il telefono (ell teh-leh-FOH-noh, the telephone) Mas

il treno (ell TREH-noh, the train) Mas

la via (lah VEE-ah, the street) Fem

NOTATE: via is street as in Main Street (i.e. in the name of a street); another word for street is "la strada" (la STRAH-dah).

Conversazione semplice:

Use this simple question and combine it with various words from this and other lessons and then answer the question.

1. (domande) Dov' 'e? (la carta)

(Doh-VEH lah CAR-tah?, Where is the paper?)

(risposte) La carta e' sulla tavola.

(lah CAR-tah EH SUE-lah TAH-voh-lah, The paper is on the table.)

2. (domande) Dov' 'e la penna?

(Doh-VEH lah PEHN-nah, Where is the pen?)

(risposte) La penna e' sulla tavola.

(lah PEHN-nah EH SUE-lah Tah-voh-lah, The pen is on the table.)

3. (domande) Dov' 'e la banca?

(Doh-VEH lah BAN-kah?, Where is the bank?)

(risposte) La banca è qua.

(Lah BAN-kah EH KWAH-ah?, The bank is here.)

or

(risposte) La banca e' qui vicino.

(Lah BAN-kah EH KWEE vee-CHEE-noh, The bank is next door.)

STUDENTI: Use the above to ask questions similar questions. When you refer to things in your home or town, use both the English and Italian names. Don't be afraid to go to a dictionary and look up words of common things around your house (window, closet, etc.) One trick is to make flash cards (3 x 5 cards) with the English word on one side and the Italian on the other. Some people tape the Italian name to the object so it is always in front of them. If possible get a partner. Practice this for a few days.

Lezione#4 numeri e calendario

(noo-MEH-ree e cah-lehn-dah-REE-oh, numbers and calendar)

NOTATE: This lesson will stress reading and using numbers and the calendar. A new feature will have us start off the lesson with a common phrase and response. Most of the time, adjectives follow the noun they modify (such as Italiana to frase).

La frase italiana della settimana

(Lah FRAH-seh e-tah-lee-AH-nah DEH-lah set-tah-MAH-nah)

Come va?

(COH-meh VAH?, How is it going? or How goes it?)

Response: Non c' `e male.

(NON che-EH MAH-leh, Not bad.)

vocaboli nuovi

Una settimana sie compone di sette giorni che si chiamano:

(OO-nah set-tee-MAH-nah see kohm-POH-neh de SET-teh JOHR-nee keh see

KYAH-mah-noh, One week is composed of seven days are named/called)

domenica (doh-MEH-nee-kah Sunday)

lunedi (loo-neh-DEE Monday )

martedi` (mahr-teh-DEE Tuesday)

mercoledi` (mehr-koh-leh-DEE Wednesday)

giovedi (joh-veh-DEE Thursday)

venerdi (veh-nehr-DEE Friday)

sabato (SAH-bah-toh Saturday )

I mesi si chiamano: (Ee MEH-zee see KYAH-mah-noh, The months are named)

gennaio (jehn-NIGH-yoh January)

febbraio (fehb-BRIGH-yoh February)

marzo (MAHR-tsoh March)

aprile (ah-PREE-leh April)

maggio (Mah-djoh May)

giugno (JOON-nyoh June)

lugio (LOON-leyoh July)

agosto (ah-GOHS-toh August)

settembre (set-TEHM-breh September)

ottobre (oht-toh-breh October)

novembre (nov-VEHM-breh November)

dicembre (dee-CHEM-breh December)

l'anno si divide in quattro stagioni :

(LAHN-noh see dee-VEE-deh een KWAHT-troh stah-JOH-nee, The year is divided into four seasons)

NOTATE: We have included the definite article and gender with the seasons:

la primavera (pree-mah-VEH-rah spring)

l' estate (ehs-TAH-teh summer)

l' autunno (aouh-TOON-noh fall/autumn)

l' inverno (een-VEHR-noh winter)

contare semplicemente

(kohn-TAH-reh sem-plee-cheh-MEN-teh, simple counting)

1 uno (OO-noh)

2 due (DOO-eh)

3 tre (treh)

4 quattro (KWAHT-troh)

5 cinque (CHEEN-kweh)

6 sei (say)

7 sette (SET-teh)

8 otto (OHT-toh)

9 nove (NOH-veh)

10 dieci (d-YEH-chee)

11 undici (OON-dee-chee)

12 dodici (DOH-dee-chee)

13 tredici (TREH-dee-chee)

14 quattordici (Kwaht-TORH-dee-chee)

15 quindici (KWEEN-dee-chee)

16 sedici (SEH-dee-chee)

17 diciassette (dee-chahs-SET-teh)

18 diciotto (dee-CHOT-toh)

19 diciannove (dee-chahn-NOH-veh)

20 venti (VEHN-tee)

21 ventuno (vehn-TOO-noh)

22 ventidue (vehn-tee-DOO-eh)

23 ventitre (vehn-tee-TREH)

24 ventiquattro (vehn-tee-KWAHT-troh)

25 venticinque (vehn-tee-CHEEN-kweh)

26 ventisei (vehn-tee-SAY)

27 ventisette (vehn-tee-SET-teh)

28 ventotto (vehn-OHT-toh)

29 ventinove (vehn-tee-NOH-veh)

30 trenta (TREHN-tah)

31 trentuno (trehn-TOO-noh)

Conversazione semplice-domande e risposte

(simple conversation-questions and answers). Use these simple questions and combine it with various words from this and other lessons, then answer the question.

1. (domande) Che giorno e'? or Quale giorno e' ?

(KEH JOHR-noh EH, or KWAL-eh JOHR-noh EH, What day is it?)

(risposte) Oggi `e venerdi (OH-jee EH veh-nehr-DEE, Today is Friday.)

2. (domande) Che mese è? or Quale messe è?

(KEH MEH-zeh EH , KWAL-eh MEH-zeh EH, What month is it?)

(risposte) Il mese è lugio. (eel MEH-zeh EH LOON-leyoh, The month is

July.)

3. (domande) Quale giorno del mese è oggi?

(KWAL-eh JOHR-noh dal MEH-zeh EH OH-jee, What day of the month is it

today?)

(risposte) Oggi `e il venti. (OH-jee EH eel VEHN-tee, Today is the

20th.)

NOTATE: When talking about a day of the month, you need to put the article "il" before the number

4. (domande) Quando è il Suo compleanno? (KWAHN-doh EH eel SOO-oh

cohm-plee-AHN-noh, When is your birthday?)

(risposte) Il mio compleanno e' il venti agosto.

(EEL MEE-oh cohm-plee-AHN-noh EH eel VEHNtee ah-GOHS-toh, My birthday is August 20th)

STUDENTI: Practice this for a few days, with a partner if possible. Use words you know to make up your own questions and answers.

Lezione#5 colori e vestiti

(koh-LOH-ree ee vehs-TEE-tee, colors and clothes)

La frase italiana della settimana

Capisce?

(cah-PEE-sheh, Do you understand?)

Si, capisco.

(SEE, cah-PEES-coh, Yes, I understand) or Non capisco.

(non, cah-PEES-coh, No, I do not understand.)

NOTATE: Capisce (cah-PEE-sheh) is formal while capisci (cah-PEE-shee) is familiar.

vocaboli nuovi

colori

arancio (ah-RAHN-choh, orange)

azzurro (ah-TSOOR-roh. light blue)

bianco (b'YAHN-koh, white)

blu (BLOO, blue or dark blue)

bruno (BROO-noh, brown)

giallo (JAHL-loh, yellow)

grigio (GREE-joh, gray)

nero (NEH-roh, black)

purpureo (poor-poor-REE-oh, purple)

rosso (ROHS-soh, red)

verde (VEHR-deh, green)

vestiti

l'abito-(eel ah-BEE-toh, the suit/outfit)

NOTATE: When words begin with a vowel, the article (in the singular) is always l'

la borsa (lah BOHR-sah, the purse)

la calza (lah KAHL-tsah, the sock/stocking)

dei calizini (DEH-ee cah-lee-TSEE-nee some socks)

la camicetta (lah kah-mee-CHEHT-tah, the blouse)

la camicia (lah kah-MEE-chah, the shirt)

il capello (eel kahp-PEL-loh, the hat)

il cappotto (eel cap-POHT-toh, the coat)

la cintura (lah cheen-TUHR-rah, the belt)

la cravatta (lah krah-VAHT-tah, the tie)

il fazzoletto (eel fahs-soh-LET-toh, the handkerchief)

la giacca (lah JAHK-kah, the jacket)

il guanto (eel GWAN-toh, the glove)

dei guanti (DEH-ee GWAN-tee, some gloves)

gli occhiali (lyee ohk-ee-AH-lee, the glasses)

i pantaloni (ee pahn-tah-LOH-nee, the pants)

la scarpa (lah SKAHR-pah, the shoe)

delle scarpe (DEHL-lee SKAHR-peh, some shoes)

la sottana (lah soht-TAHN-nah, the skirt)

il vestito (eel vehs-TEE-toh, lady's dress-suit)

NOTATE: The singular and plural forms of sock/socks, glove/gloves,shoe/shoes above.

Conversazione semplice-domande e risposte

Use these simple questions and combine it with various words from this and other lessons, then answer the question "What color is the jacket?"

1. (domande) Che colore e' la giacca?

(KEH koh-LOH-reh EH lah JAHK-kah?, What color is the jacket?)

(risposte) La giacca e' bianca.

(Lah JAHK-kah EH b'YAHN-koh, The jacket is white)

NOTATE: Now, here's where things get tricky. When using feminine nouns, the adjectives must also be feminie. When using masculine nouns the adjectives must also be masculine. Therefore: La giacca (fem) e' bianca (fem) is correct for feminine, BUT Il guanto (mas) e' bianco (mas) is correct for masculine. All the nouns which have "il" as the article are masculine, those with "la" are feminine. Adjectives are masculine, when they end in "o". The "o" changes to "a" for feminine. When an adjective ends in "e" in the singular (ex. verde) it is masculine and feminine. Examples: La giacca e' verde and Il guanto e' verde. "Blu" and "arancio" (Blue and Orange) never change. It is an exception. (AU)

2. (domande) Dov'e' la camicia grigia?

(Doh-VEH lah kah-MEE-chah GREE-jah EH?, Where is the gray shirt?)

(risposte) La camicia grigia è sulla tavola.

(Lah kah-MEE-chah GREE-jah EH SUE-lah TAH-voh-lah. The gray shirt is on the table).

3. (domande) Di che colore è la bandiera italiana?

(Dee KEH koh-LOH-reh EH lah bahn-d'YEH-rah ee-tahl-YAH-nah?, What color is the Italian flag?)

(risposte) E' verde, bianca e rossa.

( EH VEHR-deh, b'YAHN-kah eh ROHS-sah. It is green, white and red.)

STUDENTI: Practice this for a few days, with a partner if possible. Use words you know from this and other lessons to expand on these sample questions and answers for further practice. Try to note the masculine and feminine forms.

Lezione#6 Che tempo fa oggi?

(KEH TEMP-oh fah AWE-gee,? What's the weather today?)

La frase italiana della settimana

Ho Sete.

(OH SEH-teh, I'm thirsty.)

Vorresti bere del caffe' o....?

(voh-REHS-tee BEH-reh del cah-FFEY oh...?, Would you like to drink some coffee or.....?)

dell'acqua (del LAHK-wah, some water)

della birra (dehl-LAH BEER-rah, some beer

del latte (dehl LAH-teh, some milk)

della soda (DEHL-lah SOH-dah), soda pop)

del vino (dehl VEE-noh, wine)

vocaboli nuovi

nord (nohrd north)

sud (sood, south)

est (ehst, east)

ovest (oh-VEHST, west)

mattina (maht-TEE-nah, morning)

mezzogiorno (mehs-soh-JORH-noh, noon)

pomeriggio (poh-meh-REE-gee-oh, afternoon)

sera (SEHR-rah, evening)

notte (NOH-teh, night)

oggi (OG-gee, today)

ieri (ee-YEH-ree, yesterday)

domani (doe-MAH-nee, tomorrow)

C'e' il sole (CHEH eel SOH-leh, It's sunny. Lit. There is sun.)

bello (BEHL-loh, nice)

freddo (FREH-doh, cool)

fresco (FRES-coh, cold)

caldo (CAHL-doh, hot)

la pioggia (LAH pee-OH-jah, rain)

piove (pee-OH-veh, It is raining)

la neve (LAH NEH-veh, snow)

nevica (NEH-vee-cah, It is snowing.)

nuvoloso (noo-voh-LOH-zoh, cloudy)

terribile (tehr-REE-bee-leh,terrible)

ventoso (vehn-TOH-soh, windy)

Conversazione semplice-domande e risposte

Use these simple questions and combine it with various words from this and other lessons, then answer the question.

1. (domande) Che tempo fa oggi?

(KEH KEH TEMP-oh fah AWE-gee?, How is the weather today?)

(risposte) Il tempo fa caldo.

(ell TEMP-oh fah CALH-doh. The weather is hot, or simply you can say Facaldo, which means "it is hot".)

2. (domande) Dove fa freddo?

(DOH-veh fah FREH-doh, Where is it cold? )

(risposte) Fa freddo al nord.

(FAH FREH-doh ahl nohrd, It is cold in the north.)

STUDENTI: Practice this for a few days, with a partner if possible. Use words you know from this and other lessons to expand on these sample questions and answers for further practice.

Coming soon: Lessons with: Posso avere il menu, per favore?

(POHS-soh ah-VEH-rey ell MEH-noo? May I have a menu please?)

and vocaboli genealogi, (voo-kah-BOO-lee jeh-neh-ah-loo-GEE-ah, genealogy words)

Move on to I Piccoli Italiani (The Little Italians) Part 2

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